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Intestine Transplantation Surgery

Getting the go-ahead

When an intestine from a deceased donor is available, Life Center Northwest, the organ procurement organization in the Pacific Northwest region, will call the transplant team.

Both a nurse coordinator and a transplant surgeon are on call 24 hours a day. The coordinator will call the transplant surgeon to discuss the history and condition of the donor to determine if this donor organ would be best match for your child.

If the organ is a good match, the transplant nurse coordinator will contact you to see if your child is able to undergo the transplantation operation. The coordinator must make sure that your child does not have any new health problems that require delaying transplantation.

Current UNOS policy requires that the transplant center (Children’s transplant team) decide whether to accept or turn down the organ(s) within ONE HOUR.

We will make every effort to contact you. We will first call your home phone number. Then we will page you. You must answer all pages that come, even if you do not recognize the number. The number may be the coordinator’s home or cell phone number. We must also have a list of contacts (family, friends, school, work, etc.) to call. We may call the local police to help find you.

When we contact you, the coordinator will discuss:

  • If your child is well enough for surgery
  • How you will get to the hospital
  • How long it will take you to arrive
  • When to have your child stop eating and drinking to prepare for surgery
  • Where to park and check in at the hospital when you arrive

If we are unable to contact you within that hour, a very important opportunity for a transplant will be missed. The intestine and any other organ(s) will be offered to the next person(s) on the list, and your child will remain on the waiting list.

Preparing for surgery

At the hospital, your child will have blood tests and a chest X-ray to make sure his condition is stable enough for surgery.

We will start an intravenous (IV) line to give medicines and fluids. An IV is a small needle inserted into your child’s arm so that we can easily inject medicines and fluids into a vein.

The time of your child’s operation is planned to match the intestine’s arrival at Children’s. The intestine cannot live long outside a body so it must be removed from the donor, transported to Children’s and then transplanted into your child within a few hours.

You may stay with your child until the anesthesiologist has put him to sleep. Then your child will be taken to the operating room. At that time, you can check in at the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) front desk. There, you will be given a pager, so that operating room staff can let you know how your child is doing during the surgery.

There are many places for you to wait at the hospital during your child’s surgery, including the hospital cafeteria, the chapel, the Family Resource Center and family waiting rooms in the PICU and near the operating room.

Intestine transplantation surgery

Once your child is asleep under anesthesia, the transplant team will insert additional IV lines, including an arterial line to monitor blood pressure and take blood samples. They will also insert a central venous catheter into a large vein, which delivers larger amounts of medicines and fluids than a regular IV.

Surgeons will take out the diseased parts of your child’s intestine; at this time, they will also remove any other diseased organ(s) —most commonly the liver.

Next, the surgeons will attach the donor intestine (and any other donor organs). For the intestine, your child’s blood vessels will be sewn to those of the donor organ and then the new intestine will be reconnected at both ends.

During this part of the procedure, the surgeons will also create a temporary opening, called a stoma, in the lower part of the small intestine. This procedure is called an ileostomy, and it gives your child’s transplant team easy access to the new intestine through the stoma. It will help the team monitor the transplant and check for signs of rejection. The surgeon will also place a tube at the upper end of the donor intestine near your child’s stomach. This tube is called a jejunal tube and reduces pressure in your child’s gut, so he can receive nutrition from food, rather than from intravenous TPN.

The operating room staff will let you know how your child is doing during the surgery. They will contact you through the pager you picked up from the PICU.

After the surgery

After surgery, your child will go to the PICU. You will be able to be with your child there.

Here are some of the things you may see attached to your child in the PICU:

  • Monitors that check heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure and oxygen in the blood.
  • An endotracheal (ET) tube, which was placed in your child’s windpipe during the surgery and connected to a ventilator to help breathing. The doctors will remove the ET tube when your child no longer needs help breathing.
  • A nasogastric (NG) tube, which passes through the nose and into the stomach, to help drain secretions from the stomach.
  • Several abdominal drains in your child’s stomach area to help remove extra fluid from the surgical site.
  • A catheter to drain urine from the bladder. It measures urine output and checks liver function.
  • Several IV lines. These will be used for pain medications, antibiotics and other fluids that your child will need.
  • An arterial line to check blood pressure and provide blood samples. The arterial line looks like an IV, but it’s in an artery rather than a vein. It will be removed before your child leaves the ICU for his stay in the Surgical Unit.
  • A central venous catheter (a flexible tube placed in a large vein) to give IV fluids and provide blood samples. If your child needs to go home with the catheter still in place, the nurses will teach you how to care for it.
  • A jejunal tube for enteral (by mouth) feeding. Enteral feeding usually begins one to two weeks after intestinal transplant.
  • A gastrostomy tube, from the stomach, for tube feeding. When your child is able to get enough nutrition by mouth, surgeons remove the tube.
  • A bag in your child’s stomach area. The bag is attached to an opening in the stomach area called a stoma to collect waste. The color and texture of the output in the bag lets the transplant team see how well your child’s new intestine is doing. When your child is able to eat by mouth or with tube feedings after surgery, surgeons will close the stoma.

Some of these tubes and lines will be removed when your child leaves the PICU. Others may stay in longer.